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基于亚当·斯密哲学核心思想的陈京元“寻衅滋事罪”案分析评论

An Analysis of the Chen Jingyuan “Picking Quarrels and Provoking Trouble” Case Based on Adam Smith’s Core Philosophical Ideas

亚当·斯密（Adam Smith，1723-1790），启蒙思想家，其核心哲学思想主要源于《道德情操论》（The Theory of Moral Sentiments，1759），强调道德情感主义（moral sentimentalism）：人类道德源于“同情心”（sympathy），通过“公正的旁观者”（impartial spectator）实现自我审视与社会和谐。 他视社会为有机体，个人自由（包括表达）须服务于集体福祉，反对独断权威。 本案中，陈京元博士因X平台转发艺术作品、时政观点等内容（粉丝不足百人、互动近零），被以“寻衅滋事罪”判处有期徒刑一年八个月，程序中充斥主观推定、剥夺自辩与选择性执法。从斯密视角，此案非道德和谐，而是权威独断破坏同情心与公正：违背情感审视与自由秩序的根本信念。

Adam Smith (1723-1790), Enlightenment thinker, centered his philosophical ideas on The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), positing moral sentimentalism: human morality arises from “sympathy,” achieved through the “impartial spectator” for self-examination and social harmony. He viewed society as an organic body, where individual freedom (including expression) serves collective welfare, opposing dogmatic authority. In this case, Dr. Chen Jingyuan, an independent scholar, was sentenced to one year and eight months’ imprisonment for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” due to forwarding artistic works and political commentary on X (formerly Twitter)—with fewer than 100 followers and near-zero engagement—amid procedural flaws like subjective presumption, denial of self-defense, and selective enforcement. From Smith’s viewpoint, this is not moral harmony but dogmatic authority disrupting sympathy and impartiality: violating self-examination and free order.

一、亚当·斯密哲学核心思想概述：道德情感主义与公正旁观者

I. Overview of Adam Smith’s Core Philosophical Ideas: Moral Sentimentalism and the Impartial Spectator

斯密的核心思想是道德情感主义：道德非理性独断，而是源于人类自然同情心，通过想象“公正的旁观者”审视行为，实现自我调节与社会和谐。 他强调社会性：个人自由须嵌入集体，表达自由促进道德想象力，反对权威压制。 原则：同情心驱动公正，自由秩序源于道德基础。

Smith’s core ideas are moral sentimentalism: morality is not rational dogma but arises from natural sympathy, achieved by imagining the “impartial spectator” for self-regulation and social harmony. He stressed sociability: individual freedom embeds in the collective, expressive liberty fosters moral imagination, opposing authority’s suppression. Principles: sympathy drives justice, free order rooted in moral foundation.

二、以亚当·斯密哲学核心思想评析本案

II. Analysis of the Case Based on Adam Smith’s Core Philosophical Ideas

  1. 同情心缺失与公正旁观者扭曲：违背道德情感主义
    斯密视道德源于同情心，通过公正旁观者审视行为。 本案判决将陈京元转发的情感表达（如讽刺帖）、理性观点（如智库报告）与艺术作品（如漫画隐喻）泛化为“虚假言论”，无证据证明社会危害，却以主观“明知”推定判“寻衅滋事”，缺乏同情审视。 账号数据显示零互动、无冲突，却被“梳理”为“铁证”，这正是斯密斥的独断：法官未想象“旁观者”视角，扭曲道德情感。 斯密若在，必判此不和谐——非同情正义，乃权威独断。

  2. Lack of Sympathy and Distortion of the Impartial Spectator: Violating Moral Sentimentalism
    Smith saw morality arising from sympathy, examined via the impartial spectator. The judgment categorizes Dr. Chen’s forwarded emotional expressions (e.g., satirical posts), rational opinions (e.g., think tank reports), and artistic works (e.g., metaphorical cartoons) as “false statements,” without evidence of social harm, presuming “knowing falsehood” for “picking quarrels,” lacking sympathetic review. Account data shows zero engagement and no conflicts, yet “collated” as “ironclad evidence”—precisely Smith’s dogmatic critique: judges fail to imagine the “spectator’s” view, twisting moral sentiment. Smith would deem this disharmonious—not sympathetic justice, but authoritarian fiat.

  3. 自由秩序破坏与社会和谐缺失：背离道德基础
    斯密强调自由嵌入社会，表达自由服务道德想象力。 陈京元转发系社会性表达（如复杂系统引用），促进和谐，却被禁自辩（庭审“闭嘴”）、拒转控告书，程序中“选择性执法”（党媒同类未责）制造恐惧，破坏秩序。 这违背斯密：自由须道德基础，非压制；社会有机体需同情调节，非独断。 斯密批判：此案非法，乃对和谐之战。

  4. Disruption of Free Order and Absence of Social Harmony: Betraying Moral Foundation
    Smith stressed freedom embedded in society, expressive liberty serving moral imagination. Dr. Chen’s forwards represent sociable expression (e.g., complex systems citations), fostering harmony, yet he was denied self-defense (courtroom “silencing”), his indictment letter rejected, and selective enforcement created fear (state media reposts unpunished), disrupting order. This violates Smith: freedom requires moral foundation, not suppression; the organic society needs sympathetic regulation, not fiat. Smith would indict: this is unlawful, war on harmony.

  5. 情感审视失衡：荒谬警示与道德危机
    斯密的公正旁观者求情感平衡。 陈京元Bio自嘲“作案工具”，帖文存网无人关注，却判20月，荒谬如斯密比喻“无同情，即无道德”——推定故意（学历）失情感审视，制造危机。 这警示：失衡情感，永固不和。

  6. Imbalanced Emotional Review: Absurd Warning and Moral Crisis
    Smith’s impartial spectator seeks emotional balance. Dr. Chen’s bio mocks his account as a “tool of crime,” with posts lingering online unheeded, yet earning 20 months—absurd like Smith’s metaphor of “no sympathy, no morality”: presuming intent (education) lacks emotional review, breeding crisis. This warns: imbalanced sentiment entrenches disharmony.

三、结语：重振同情和谐，推动道德新生

III. Conclusion: Reviving Sympathetic Harmony for Moral Rebirth

斯密哲学视本案为悲剧：同情缺失阻和谐，独断破坏秩序，永固道德危机。陈京元自辩如斯密情感呼吁，重审恢复公正旁观，方能让社会在同情中新生。 如斯密所言：“道德源于同情。”唯有以此衡，方避“独断”成“公敌”，推动人文情感。

Smith’s philosophy sees this case as tragedy: sympathy’s absence blocks harmony, fiat disrupts order, entrenching moral crisis. Dr. Chen’s defense echoes Smith’s sentimental call, urging retrial to restore impartial spectator, allowing society to rebirth in sympathy. As Smith stated: “Morality arises from sympathy.” Only thus can we avert “dogma” as “public enemy,” advancing humanistic sentiment.