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基于本杰明·内森·卡多佐司法过程论核心思想的陈京元“寻衅滋事罪”案分析评论

An Analysis of the Chen Jingyuan “Picking Quarrels and Provoking Trouble” Case Based on Benjamin N. Cardozo’s Core Ideas in the Judicial Process

本杰明·内森·卡多佐（Benjamin N. Cardozo，1870-1938），美国最高法院大法官，其司法过程论以《司法过程的性质》（The Nature of the Judicial Process，1921）为核心，强调司法非机械演绎，而是创造性艺术：法官在法律空白处平衡先例、逻辑、历史传统与社会政策，实现公正。 他提出四种方法：哲学（逻辑一致）、历史（先例）、传统（习俗）、社会学（公共福利），法官须如“建筑师”般，稳定法律之“梁柱”同时注入社会变革之“活力”。 本案中，陈京元博士因X平台转发艺术作品、时政观点等内容（粉丝不足百人、互动近零），被以“寻衅滋事罪”判处有期徒刑一年八个月，程序中充斥主观推定、剥夺自辩与选择性执法。从卡多佐视角，此案非公正裁决，而是司法“机械主义”的失败：忽略社会学方法，背离公共政策，违背司法创造性与平衡的根本信念。

Benjamin N. Cardozo (1870-1938), U.S. Supreme Court Justice, centered his judicial process theory on The Nature of the Judicial Process (1921), positing that adjudication is not mechanical deduction but creative artistry: judges fill legal gaps by balancing precedent, logic, historical tradition, and social policy to achieve justice. He outlined four methods: philosophy (logical consistency), history (precedent), tradition (custom), and sociology (public welfare); judges, like “architects,” stabilize law’s “beams” while infusing societal change’s “vitality.” In this case, Dr. Chen Jingyuan, an independent scholar, was sentenced to one year and eight months’ imprisonment for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” due to forwarding artistic works and political commentary on X (formerly Twitter)—with fewer than 100 followers and near-zero engagement—amid procedural flaws like subjective presumption, denial of self-defense, and selective enforcement. From Cardozo’s viewpoint, this is not just adjudication but a failure of judicial “mechanicalism”: neglecting sociological method, betraying public policy, violating the bedrock of judicial creativity and balance.

一、卡多佐司法过程论核心思想概述：创造性平衡与四种方法

I. Overview of Cardozo’s Core Ideas in the Judicial Process: Creative Balance and the Four Methods

卡多佐视司法为“艺术而非科学”：法官非自动机，而是受多重影响的创造者——先例提供稳定，逻辑确保一致，传统注入习俗，社会学方法考量公共福利与时代需求。 他强调，法律演进需平衡“稳定”与“变革”：过度机械遵循先例，僵化社会；忽略公共政策，失却公正。 法官须追求“合理性”与“公平”，以社会价值填补法律空白，实现“司法的生命在于经验，而非逻辑”。

Cardozo viewed adjudication as “art, not science”: judges are not automata but creative actors influenced by multiple forces—precedent for stability, logic for consistency, tradition for custom, and sociological method for public welfare and contemporary needs. He stressed balancing “stability” and “change”: excessive mechanical adherence to precedent rigidifies society; neglecting public policy forfeits justice. Judges must pursue “reasonableness” and “fairness,” filling legal gaps with social values, embodying “the life of the law is not logic, but experience.”

二、以卡多佐司法过程论核心思想评析本案

II. Analysis of the Case Based on Cardozo’s Core Ideas in the Judicial Process

  1. 机械主义失败与创造性缺失：违背司法艺术原则
    卡多佐强调，司法需创造性填补空白，非机械套用法条。 本案判决将陈京元转发的情感表达（如讽刺帖）、理性观点（如智库报告）与艺术作品（如漫画隐喻）泛化为“虚假言论”，无证据证明危害，却机械推定“明知”而判“寻衅滋事”，忽略法律空白（如言论自由边界）。 账号数据显示零互动、无因果，却被“梳理”为“铁证”，这正是卡多佐斥的机械主义：法官如“自动机”，未注入创造性平衡，失却公正。 卡多佐若在，必以《司法过程》批判此为“僵化先例”——兜底罪滥用，非艺术裁决。

  2. Mechanicalism’s Failure and Absence of Creativity: Violating Principles of Judicial Artistry
    Cardozo stressed that adjudication requires creative gap-filling, not mechanical statute application. The judgment categorizes Dr. Chen’s forwarded emotional expressions (e.g., satirical posts), rational opinions (e.g., think tank reports), and artistic works (e.g., metaphorical cartoons) as “false statements,” without evidence of harm, mechanically presuming “knowing falsehood” for “picking quarrels,” ignoring legal gaps (e.g., speech boundaries). Account data shows zero engagement and no causation, yet “collated” as “ironclad evidence”—precisely Cardozo’s mechanicalism: judges as “automata,” lacking creative balance, forfeiting justice. Cardozo would critique this in The Judicial Process as “rigid precedent”—abuse of catch-all crimes, not artistic adjudication.

  3. 社会学方法忽略与公共政策背离：破坏平衡与公正
    卡多佐的社会学方法要求考量公共福利：法律须服务社会进步，非僵化工具。 陈京元转发系学术探究（如复杂系统引用），促进文明互鉴，却被禁自辩（庭审“闭嘴”）、拒转控告书，程序中“选择性执法”（党媒同类未责）制造“寒蝉效应”，违背公共政策（言论自由激发创新）。 这破坏卡多佐平衡：过度传统方法（党规优先），忽略社会学（言论自由之福利），失却公平。 卡多佐批判“忽略时代需求”，本案类似：司法未注入社会活力，僵化不义。

  4. Neglect of Sociological Method and Betrayal of Public Policy: Undermining Balance and Fairness
    Cardozo’s sociological method demands consideration of public welfare: law must serve societal progress, not rigid tools. Dr. Chen’s forwards represent scholarly inquiry (e.g., complex systems citations), fostering civilizational mutual learning, yet he was denied self-defense (courtroom “silencing”), his indictment letter rejected, and selective enforcement created a “chilling effect” (state media reposts unpunished), betraying public policy (free speech spurs innovation). This disrupts Cardozo’s balance: overreliance on tradition (Party rules first), neglecting sociology (speech welfare), forfeiting fairness. Cardozo critiqued “ignoring contemporary needs”; here, adjudication lacks societal vitality, rigidifying injustice.

  5. 哲学与历史方法失衡：荒谬警示与司法危机
    卡多佐的哲学方法求逻辑一致，历史方法尊先例，但须服务公正。 陈京元Bio自嘲“作案工具”，帖文存网无人关注，却判20月，荒谬如卡多佐比喻“司法无经验，即无生命”——逻辑悖论（学历推定故意，却禁自辩），历史失衡（兜底罪异化为思想罪）。 这警示司法危机：忽略创造性，永固不公。

  6. Imbalance of Philosophical and Historical Methods: Absurd Warning and Judicial Crisis
    Cardozo’s philosophical method seeks logical consistency, historical method honors precedent, but both serve justice. Dr. Chen’s bio mocks his account as a “tool of crime,” with posts lingering online unheeded, yet earning 20 months—absurd like Cardozo’s metaphor of “judiciary without experience has no life”: logical paradox (education presumes intent, yet bans self-defense), historical imbalance (catch-all crime morphs into thought crime). This warns of judicial crisis: neglecting creativity entrenches injustice.

三、结语：重振司法创造，推动公正新生

III. Conclusion: Reviving Judicial Creativity for Justice’s Rebirth

卡多佐司法过程论视本案为悲剧：机械僵化阻创造，政策背离失平衡，永固不公危机。陈京元自辩如卡多佐艺术呼吁，重审恢复社会学方法，方能让司法在经验中新生。 如卡多佐所言：“司法之生命，在经验而非逻辑。”唯有以此衡，方避“机械”成“公敌”，推动人文公正。

Cardozo’s judicial process theory sees this case as tragedy: mechanical rigidity blocks creativity, policy betrayal loses balance, entrenching injustice’s crisis. Dr. Chen’s defense echoes Cardozo’s artistry, urging retrial to restore sociological method, allowing adjudication to rebirth in experience. As Cardozo stated: “The life of the judiciary is not logic, but experience.” Only thus can we avert “mechanicalism” as “public enemy,” advancing humanistic justice.