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简要回应 / Brief Answer

中文：从程颐（伊川先生）的理学思想出发，陈京元案暴露了法律与政治失却“穷理以存天理”的根本精神。以模糊罪名压制士人之言，既违背“格物致知”的理性要求，也破坏了“涵养须用敬”的社会伦理。

English: From Cheng Yi’s (Master Yichuan) Neo-Confucian philosophy, the Chen Jingyuan case reveals a departure from the fundamental spirit of “investigating principle to preserve Heavenly principle.” Suppressing a scholar’s speech with vague charges contradicts the rational demand of “investigating things to attain knowledge” and undermines the ethical foundation of “cultivating with reverence.”

一、程颐核心思想概述

Overview of Cheng Yi’s Core Ideas

  • 中文：程颐主张“理”为宇宙本原，提出“天下之物皆能穷，只是一理”，强调万物皆有天理，人心应以理为准。

  • English: Cheng Yi held that li (principle) is the origin of the cosmos, teaching “all things can be investigated, for there is but one principle,” stressing that all phenomena embody Heavenly principle and the human heart must align with it.

  • 中文：他提出“格物致知”，认为通过穷究事物之理，可以达到知性与道德的提升。

  • English: He advocated “investigating things to attain knowledge,” believing that probing principles leads to intellectual and moral advancement.

  • 中文：程颐强调“涵养须用敬”，即修身与治世皆须以敬为本，避免苛刻与任意。

  • English: He emphasized “cultivation must rest on reverence,” meaning both self-cultivation and governance must be grounded in respect, not arbitrariness.

二、案件分析

Case Analysis

1. 法律语言的模糊与“理”的缺失 / Vagueness of Law and Loss of Principle

  • 中文：以“寻衅滋事”定罪，缺乏明确行为标准，无法穷理而明义，显示法律语言背离了“格物致知”的理性精神。

  • English: Convicting under the vague charge of “picking quarrels” lacks clear behavioral criteria, failing to investigate principle and clarify meaning, betraying the rational spirit of “investigating things to attain knowledge.”

2. 士人之言与天理之存 / Scholars’ Speech and Preservation of Principle

  • 中文：程颐认为“去人欲，存天理”。士人之言若出于公义与良知，即为天理之显。压制此言，实为去天理而存人欲。

  • English: Cheng Yi taught “eliminate selfish desire, preserve Heavenly principle.” Scholars’ speech, if rooted in justice and conscience, manifests Heavenly principle. Suppressing it preserves human desire while eliminating principle.

3. 敬的失落与社会伦理的破坏 / Loss of Reverence and Breakdown of Ethics

  • 中文：以苛刻推定逻辑定罪，背离“涵养须用敬”的政治伦理，使社会失去应有的尊重与信任。

  • English: Using harsh presumptive logic to convict contradicts the ethic of “cultivation with reverence,” eroding respect and trust in society.

三、结语与启示

Conclusion and Reflections

  • 中文：程颐的理学提醒我们，制度必须以理为本，以敬为行。若法律语言模糊、司法行为苛刻，则不仅损害法治，也破坏人心。陈京元案所显之压制，正是“去人欲、存天理”未能落实的现实警示。

  • English: Cheng Yi’s philosophy reminds us that institutions must be grounded in principle and practiced with reverence. Vague legal language and harsh judicial acts harm not only rule of law but also the human heart. The suppression revealed in Chen’s case is a stark warning of failing to “eliminate selfish desire and preserve Heavenly principle.”

参考资料 / Sources

要不要我进一步将此评论扩展为一篇 “程颐式的格物札记”，以语录体和简短格言的形式回应此案，更贴近伊川先生的语言风格？