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基于斯堪的纳维亚现实主义法哲学的案件分析
Case Analysis Based on Scandinavian Legal Realism

1. 法律的本质：语言与心理效应

The Nature of Law: Language and Psychological Effects

中文：斯堪的纳维亚现实主义强调，法律并非客观存在的“实体”，而是一种社会心理现象。法律规则只是语言表达，其效力来自于人们对其的心理接受与服从。在本案中，“寻衅滋事罪”作为一种模糊的“口袋罪”，其真正作用并不是逻辑上证明被告有罪，而是通过语言制造心理压力，使社会成员产生恐惧与服从。
English: Scandinavian legal realism emphasizes that law is not an objective “entity” but a social-psychological phenomenon. Legal rules are linguistic expressions whose force derives from people’s psychological acceptance and compliance. In this case, the vague “pocket crime” of “picking quarrels” functions less as logical proof of guilt and more as a linguistic tool to generate psychological pressure, instilling fear and compliance among citizens.

Empiricist Perspective on Legal Judgments

中文：现实主义者如阿尔夫·罗斯（Alf Ross）认为，法律判断的意义在于预测法院将如何裁决，而不是抽象的规范逻辑。本案中，判决书强调“博士身份意味着明知”，这并非逻辑推理，而是一种经验性预测：法院通过身份标签来合理化其裁决。换言之，判决的意义在于“法院确实会判你有罪”，而不是“逻辑上你必然有罪”。
English: Realists such as Alf Ross argue that the meaning of legal judgments lies in predicting how courts will decide, not in abstract normative logic. In this case, the judgment’s emphasis that “a PhD means knowing intent” is not logical reasoning but an empirical prediction: the court uses identity labels to rationalize its decision. In other words, the judgment’s meaning is “the court will convict you,” not “you are logically guilty.”

Detachment of Norms and Facts

中文：斯堪的纳维亚现实主义批判传统法学将法律视为客观规范体系。他们认为法律语言只是表达态度的工具，而非事实陈述。本案中，将艺术作品、学术观点、情感表达混同为“虚假信息”，正体现了法律语言的态度性：它不是在陈述事实，而是在表达国家对某类言论的否定态度。
English: Scandinavian legal realism critiques traditional jurisprudence for treating law as an objective normative system. They argue that legal language is a tool for expressing attitudes, not factual statements. In this case, lumping artistic works, academic viewpoints, and emotional expressions together as “false information” illustrates the attitudinal nature of legal language: it does not state facts but expresses the state’s negative stance toward certain speech.

Psychological Effects and Social Control

中文：现实主义者强调，法律的功能在于通过心理效应实现社会控制。本案中，判决的真正效果是让公众意识到：即使低传播量的言论也可能被定罪。这种效果并非逻辑证明，而是心理暗示，旨在塑造社会成员的行为预期。
English: Realists emphasize that the function of law is to achieve social control through psychological effects. In this case, the real effect of the judgment is to make the public aware that even low-engagement speech can be criminalized. This effect is not logical proof but psychological suggestion, designed to shape citizens’ behavioral expectations.

Conclusion

中文：从斯堪的纳维亚现实主义的角度看，本案的判决并非基于逻辑证据，而是法律语言的心理效应与社会控制的体现。所谓“明知”“严重混乱”只是符号化的表达，用来合理化裁决并传递威慑信号。法律在此不再是客观规范，而是国家意志的语言工具。
English: From the perspective of Scandinavian legal realism, the judgment in this case is not based on logical evidence but reflects the psychological effect and social control function of legal language. Terms like “knowing intent” and “serious disorder” are symbolic expressions used to rationalize the decision and transmit deterrent signals. Law here is not an objective norm but a linguistic instrument of state will.